Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, damage, or theft. It aims to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability (the CIA triad) of digital information.

Key Elements of Cybersecurity:

1. Network Security – Protects internal networks from intrusions and attacks.

2. Information Security – Safeguards data from unauthorized access and tampering.

3. Application Security – Secures software and apps from vulnerabilities.

4. Cloud Security – Protects cloud-stored data and services.

5. Endpoint Security – Secures devices like computers, mobiles, and tablets.

6. Identity and Access Management (IAM) – Controls who can access what resources.

7. Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity – Plans for restoring operations after a cyberattack or system failure.

Common Cyber Threats:

• Malware – Viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware.

• Phishing – Fraudulent emails or messages to steal sensitive info.

• Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks – Overloads systems to make them unavailable.

• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks – Eavesdropping on communication.

• SQL Injection – Attacks that manipulate databases via queries.

• Zero-Day Exploits – Attacks on undiscovered software vulnerabilities.

Cybersecurity Measures:

• Firewalls and antivirus software.

• Encryption of data.

• Multi-factor authentication (MFA).

• Regular software updates and patching.

• Security awareness training.

• Strong password policies.

• Backup and recovery solutions.

Importance of Cybersecurity:

• Protects personal and financial data.

• Maintains business reputation.

• Ensures compliance with laws and regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).

• Prevents financial losses from breaches.

• Safeguards national security and critical infrastructure.