Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Definition:
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) refers to all technologies used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing, and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions. In simple terms, ICT includes any device or system that enables users to interact digitally to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

Key Components of ICT:

1. Hardware – Computers, smartphones, tablets, servers, routers, etc.

2. Software – Operating systems, productivity tools (e.g., MS Office), communication apps (e.g., Zoom, Teams).

3. Networks – Internet, intranet, LAN/WAN, Wi-Fi, and mobile networks (e.g., 4G, 5G).

4. Telecommunication Services – Voice calls, video conferencing, messaging.

5. Data Services – Cloud computing, databases, big data analytics.

Applications of ICT:

• Education – Online learning platforms, digital classrooms, e-books.

• Healthcare – Telemedicine, electronic health records (EHRs), health apps.

• Business – E-commerce, CRM systems, virtual meetings.

• Government – E-governance, digital IDs, online public services.

• Banking – Online banking, mobile payment systems, digital wallets.

• Entertainment – Streaming services, online gaming, social media.

Benefits of ICT:

• Enhances communication and collaboration.

• Increases access to information.

• Improves efficiency and productivity.

• Enables remote working and learning.

• Supports innovation and economic growth.